Risks to Birds and Mammals from Solid Formulations
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چکیده
EU Directive 94/414 requires that plant protection products have no unacceptable effects on the environment particularly non-target species. DEFRA Pesticides Safety Directorate (PSD) is responsible for assessing the environmental safety of pesticides in the UK. Solid formulations (seeds, pellets, baits and granules) present particular problems due to the high toxicity of some formulations and the possibility that they may be directly ingested by non-target vertebrates as food or grit. Also, vertebrates that feed on invertebrates may be at risk from pesticide residues taken up by the invertebrates or adhering to their exterior. At present there is little detailed information about the conditions which may lead to the poisoning of birds and mammals by these routes. This project addresses the need for more research into the determinants of exposure to solid formulations, both directly and indirectly (secondary poisoning). One part of the project also provides important information about residues in earthworms after spray application.
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تاریخ انتشار 2004